Creating Essay Structure - Common Essay Words and what they imply

Typically the structure of an essay is supplied in the question itself. Importantly the individual words used in an essay question can provide a solid suggestion of where to start.

If you have a word that isn't included in the list below or if you would like something clarified further please leave a comment and I will update the post.

Define
When you are asked to define a concept you are typically required to provide something similar to a dictionary definition. Critically it probably shouldn't come from a dictionary though. Typically it is best to obtain a definition from a journal article or a book by an authority on the subject.

You should expect to write at least one sentence per item that you are asked to define. In most cases you will not be required to write more than one paragraph defining each item.

Describe
This is the next step up from providing a definition. It would be wise to start by defining the item of interest. Once a definition is in place, i.e. once your reader knows what you're going to be talking about, you should move on to talking about the item in general. Start big then move into specific examples.

Discuss
This is the next step up from describe. Once again you should probably start by defining the terms of interest in the essay so your reader knows what you're going to talk about. Once the terms are defined spend a paragraph or two describing the current state of knowledge about the terms of interest. From here you can start comparing and contrasting the terms and/or providing some form of evaluation. This part can be done by appealing to research articles or books OR through your own analysis. In all cases the important part is your ability to back up your claims.

Claims can be backed up by providing relevant research or sound reasoning. Where possible use relevant research or combine both. Sound reasoning is often the weakest option because you should be able to find research to back up your claims most of the time. If you have not done this it typically demonstrates a lower level of research on your part rather than how impressive your thinking is.

Compare and Contrast
In essence this is about identifying similarities and differences. You may also like to consider relative strengths and weaknesses when you contrast the terms used in the question.

Evaluate
Usually this is about judging something. Does it do what it intends to do well or not? For example is Psychoanalysis an effective therapy? When you do this be sure to provide solid reasons for the judgements you pass. It is also a good idea to consider each side of the argument before reaching a final decision.

Consider/Considering...(i.e. considering research)
This can be thought of as providing a focus for your essay. Pay attention to what follows this and tailor your answer around it.

Use/Using
This is similar to Consider/Considering. If anything it is more restrictive. It provides a clear focus for your essay that you should not stray from.